Learn how to grow your business reselling best-in-class Lytx solutions. In contrast, most drivers were in a state of visually distracted during the video call, the driving load surged, so the search range needed to be expanded for safety compensation. In order to analyze the stability of drivers visual information processing in different driving states and evaluate the negative impact of different driving states on driving safety based on microscopic visual characteristics indicators, the comprehensive scores of drivers visual characteristics indicators in different driving states under two traffic conditions were calculated, respectively, based on the objective weighting results of the improved CRITIC method, which were defined as the visual stability coefficient (VSC) of drivers. According to the NHTSA, about 28 people in the United States die in drunk-driving crashes daily. Manufacturing fear-based trigger-happyresponses to innocent behavior can be deadly. H. Y. W. Chen, L. Hoekstra-Atwood, and B. Donmez, Voluntary- and involuntary-distraction engagement: an exploratory study of individual differences, Human Factors: The Journal of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society, vol. There have been many years of evolving policies to reduce the instances of this behavior, and it is a combination of stricter enforcement and serious penalties.. Compared with the congested flow, the drivers VSC in the free flow scenario was more sensitive to the influence of the same cell phone operation, indicating that the main driving task occupied fewer visual and cognitive resources in the free flow scenario with a single driving environment and drivers allocated more attention to the cell phone call subtask, resulting in a significant decrease in the stability of the visual information processing process and a greater increase in driving risk when distracted driving. The results showed that there was statistically significant when divided into four categories (=563.469, =3.8261064), and the results of the cluster analysis are shown in Table 13. In the two traffic conditions, the correlation degree of the cell phone operation state decreased to different degrees compared with normal driving, and the VSC was more sensitive to the influence of video call operation, resulting in a sharp decrease in the correlation degree. 26362641, 2016. 4, 7 Often, several of these risk factors are present: In particular, teens who text while driving are more likely to have other risky driving behaviors as well, compared to those who don't text while driving. The analysis shows that all kinds of cell phone call operations caused a general decrease in drivers VSC, among which the negative impact of the video call on driving safety was more significant, and the decrease in VSC was significantly higher than that of the hands-free call. In two traffic conditions, compared to the normal driving state, the VSC generally decreased when drivers were distracted, and the decrease in VSC during video calls was significantly higher than that of hands-free calls, indicating that the video call had a greater negative impact on drivers driving safety. In order to avoid the learning effect, the speed of the LV was set to fluctuate in a small range to simulate the acceleration and deceleration. 2: Drug-impaired driving, Risky driving behavior No. This results in drivers taking greater accountability over improving their safety and compliance, while immediately reducing risk. 4, pp. Drivers can request roadside assistance, identify nearby gas prices, locate discounts, book a hotel or map a route via the AAA Mobile app. Set objects to be evaluated and evaluation indicators to form the original indicator data matrix as follows:where denotes the original data of the th evaluation indicator of the th evaluation object. Based on the improved CRITIC method, the weights of visual characteristics indicators in the two traffic conditions were calculated, respectively, and the calculation results are shown in Table 12. Our mission is to help you make educated insurance decisions with confidence. 28, no. J. Tang, S. Zhang, X. Chen, F. Liu, and Y. J. Zou, Taxi trips distribution modeling based on entropy-maximizing theory: a case study in harbin city-China, Physica A: Statistical Mechanics and its Applications, vol. Y. Yao, X. Zhao, H. Du, Y. Zhang, and J. Rong, Classification of distracted driving based on visual features and behavior data using a random forest method, Transportation Research Record, vol. WebKulendranM,PatelK,DarziA,VlaevI.Diagnosticvalidityofbehaviouralandpsychometricimpulsivitymeasures:Anassessmentinadolescentandadultpopulations.PersonalityandIndividualDifferences.2016;90:347352 Learn how we combine innovation with experience to stand out from the crowd. Learn how to avoid unnecessary arguments and recognize the triggers which may result in aggressive or risky behaviors. The calculation results of the grey correlation degree are shown in Table 14, and the change in the relationship between VSC and correlation degree was drawn in combination with the mean VSC of the drivers, as shown in Figure 13. C. Liu, Z. Wang, E. J. C. Nacpil, W. Hou, and R. Zheng, Analysis of visual risk perception model for braking control behaviour of human drivers: a literature review, IET Intelligent Transport Systems, vol. N. Zhao, B. Reimer, B. Mehler, L. A. Weblap/shoulder seat belts are used properly, they reduce the risk of fatal injury to front-seat passenger car occupants by 45 percent and the risk of moderate-to-critical injury by 50 That adds up to one person every 52 minutes dying in preventable crashes. The sampling frequency of the eye tracker was set to 200Hz, and the supporting software Begaze2.4 was used to export the video and corresponding visual behavior text data for analysis and preliminary processing. The saccade amplitude is the range covered by the line of sight from the beginning to the end of a saccade, usually expressed in degrees of view [48]. The concept of PAPR was introduced into the study of human visual characteristics, and the peak-to-average ratio of saccade velocity (PARSV) was established to reflect the dynamic balance degree of saccade behavior and to represent the stability of individual visual search ability, as defined in the following equation:where PARSV (dB) denotes the peak-to-average ratio of saccade velocity, denotes saccade peak velocity, is the saccade average velocity. 679687, 2022. The original data of each evaluation indicator are standardized as follows: The standardized data matrix is constructed, as shown in the following equation: Indicator variability analysis. 2: Drug-impaired driving Risky driving behavior No. Snowball sampling was adopted in the test [33], and the sample size was calculated as follows:where denotes the required sample size, is the standard normal distribution statistic, is the overall standard deviation, and is the allowable error. N. M. Yusoff, R. F. Ahmad, C. Guillet, A. S. Malik, N. M. Saad, and F. Merienne, Selection of measurement method for detection of driver visual cognitive distraction: a review, IEEE Access, vol. Comparison of drivers PARSV for each driving state in different traffic conditions. The Iview X HED eye tracker produced by Germany SMI Company was used as eye movement information acquisition equipment. NICHD - Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development 21, no. 22, p. 15354, 2022. 128, no. Laura is an award-winning editor with experience in content and communications covering auto insurance and personal finance. The most common distraction research is on cell phone call operations, which is a continuous and cumulative distraction process, and the research usually focuses on hand-held and hands-free calls. Additionally, providing evidence that risk is minimized during the AV operation is According to the division range of visual stability types, the heatmap of the VSC of each driver in different driving states was drawn, as shown in Figure 10. All Rights Reserved. A. Moustafa, Pupil dilation as an indicator of future thinking, Neurological Sciences, vol. a Percentages include responses of a few times, fairly often, or regularly., b Percentages include responses of just once, a few times, fairly often, or regularly., About AAA: AAA provides more than 62 million members with automotive, travel, insurance, and financial services through its federation of 30 motor clubs and more than 1,000 branch offices across North America. Ages 16-18: 69.3 percent. 6, pp. Therefore, it is of great significance to explore the visual behavior characteristics of drivers in the process of distracted driving to evaluate the risk of distracted behavior. 47, pp. The grey correlation analysis method was used to analyze the sensitivity of three driving states affecting VSC under different traffic conditions, whereby the assessment results of driving state risk were further verified. At present, scholars have conducted some research on the visual characteristics of drivers when distracted by cell phone operations [13, 1720]. The mean IEFA in the video call state surged compared with the normal driving state, with growth rates of 18.82% and 18.54% in free flow and congested flow, respectively. 19, no. However, the distribution of fixation data collected by the eye tracker is discrete, and the pattern is not obvious. 8, no. Lytx technology is validated and backed by the largest and fastest-growing driving database of its kind. Here's eveything you need to know about the dangers of drink-driving. L. Ocampo, J. L. Aro, S. S. Evangelista et al., Composite ecotourism potential index based on an integrated stochastic CRITIC-weighted sum method, Current Issues in Tourism, vol. The increase in the number of U.S. drivers engaging in risky driving behavior is troubling, said Morgan Dean, public and government affairs manager at AAA Mid-Atlantic. And, yes, police interactions can be risky, but the people driving these vehicles are choosing to experience a police interaction when they brazenly break the In the process of driving, the drivers need to perceive various road traffic information in real-time, and the visual system is the main way to obtain the information [1012]. (2)Determine the reference sequence and comparison sequence. The full simulation simulator used in the test was the QJ-4B1 six-degree-of-freedom simulator developed by the French OKTAL Company. Section 5 proposes and establishes the visual stability coefficients (VSC) based on the objective weighting results of the visual characteristics indicators to comprehensively assess the safety level of the driving state. W. Fan, Z. Xu, B. Wu, Y. This risk-taking includes dangerous driving (e.g. Lets pinpoint new behaviors you want to do, so you can see M. Wang and J. Zeng, Hierarchical clustering nodes collaborative scheduling in wireless sensor network, IEEE Sensors Journal, vol. Watch our videos to see the latest in driver safety, coaching best practices, risk management and more. The subjects drove the SV from the starting point through different traffic flow scenarios and drove to specific locations to trigger secondary driving tasks, including hands-free calls and video calls, with content designed to be mathematical calculations of equal difficulty. They often involve only a single driver (and no passengers) running off the road at a high rate of speed with no evidence of braking. There were 697 drowsy-driving-related crashes in 2019. W. Cheng, R. Fu, Y. Ma, Y. Zhou, and J. Liu, Research on driver' cognitive distraction in mobile phone call behavior based on image recognition, China Journal of Highway and Transport, vol. Risky driving behavior does not have to result in a crash or collision to have serious negative consequences. 1: Drunk driving, Risky driving behavior No. 4, pp. L. Li, Z. Liu, and X. Were proud to use video for good as a way to empower thousands of fleets and millions of drivers so that no commercial driver is ever the cause of a collision., 3 Million Risky Driving Events Analyzed; Top 5 Most Common Risky Behaviors Identified. Firstly, the drivers fixation area was divided into six parts by using the combination of the hierarchical clustering method and mechanical division method. Stay Cool. Our Best Fleet Forward newsletter delivers monthly insights on fleet management. 14, no. Learn how our award-winning technology powers flexible solutions that help fleets achieve lasting results with minimal effort. Furthermore, it estimates that in 2017, 91,000 police-reported crashes involved drowsy drivers, leading to an estimated 50,000 injured and nearly 800 deaths. 5, pp. J. Zhang, Y. Wang, and G. Lu, Extended desired safety margin car-following model that considers variation of historical perceived risk and acceptable risk, Transportation Research Record, vol. Distracted driving refers to the behavior of drivers who voluntarily or involuntarily allocate their attention to other secondary tasks unrelated to the main driving task during driving [1], causing drivers visual and cognitive resources to be occupied to varying degrees, reducing drivers environmental perception, decision-making ability, and Therefore, the test recruited 18 nonprofessional drivers as subjects, aged from 24 to 51years (mean value is 33.2, and the standard deviation is 9.8). The report on the economic impact of crashes also touched on the risky driving behaviors that lead to crashes, fatalities, serious injuries and property damage. Learn about the latest in fleet and compliance management through our comprehensive Resource Hub. Each operation lasted about the 50s, with an interval of 5min for the subjects to adjust their state. This indicator is used to quantitatively characterize the drivers visual stability in different driving states and comprehensively assess the safety level of the drivers state. 13, no. When someone is drink-driving, their reaction time is much slower and their ability to judge speed is signifiactly affected, which can increase the risk of a car accident. The significance level is set to 0.1, then =1.25, and the value range of is between 0.25 and 0.5. Some of the major stressors reported included: Watching the behaviours of other drivers, including distracted driving (78 per cent). Compared to alcohol-only users, drivers who admitted to using both were more likely to report such behaviors as: Speeding on residential streets (55%) vs. alcohol-only (35%) Aggressive driving (52%) vs. alcohol-only (28%) Intentional red-light running (48%) vs alcohol-only (32%) Texting while driving (40%) vs. alcohol-only (21%) Risky traffic behavior includes participation in illegal high-speed competitions (street racing), driving without driving license or ignoring traffic police signals, non-compliance with traffic legislation, and alcohol abuse in various social situations, indirectly linked to driving ( Meinhard, 2019 ). 253262, 2018. This is quite a bold statement, I know, but it is pure science, the science of behavior. Since 1902, the not-for-profit, fully tax-paying AAA has been a leader and advocate for safe mobility. 2672, no. The percentage of fixation point offset distance in each interval is shown in Figure 3. Combined with the mechanical division method, the fixation area was divided into six parts, in which: A is the left rear view mirror; B is the road ahead, which is the main focus area during driving; C is the distant areas of the road ahead; D is the vehicle dashboard area; E is the cell phone placement area of the central console; and F is the right rear view mirror. During driving, the main fixation area for drivers to obtain traffic information was the road ahead, so the clustering center of the road area ahead was taken as the centroid of the whole fixation area, and the distance of each fixation point from the centroid was divided into different intervals with a step size of 100px to reflect the offset degree of drivers fixation points. Just like off base, erratic behavior such as changing lanes without use of a turn signal, weaving in between traffic, running red lights, driving on the shoulder, and not stopping while a pedestrian is in the crosswalk are prohibited and can result in your driving privileges being suspended or revoked. The variables involved in the test are shown in Table 1. ( 2012 ) and modified by the author consistent with Indonesian context. 3: Distracted driving Risky driving Join a collaborative team dedicated to building technology that helps save lives. D. Kong, X. Zheng, Y. Yang, Y. Zhang, and T. Jiang, A novel DFT-based scheme for PAPR reduction in FBMC/OQAM systems, IEEE Wireless Communications Letters, vol. The dispersion of saccade amplitude in the two traffic conditions was similar, but the saccade amplitude in the congested flow was significantly lower than that in the free flow under the same driving state. The drivers fixation area is divided into six categories of AOIs. Percentage of VSC in each interval for different traffic conditions and driving states. Its basic principle is to calculate the grey correlation degree to measure the correlation between sequences by studying the magnitude of correlation between comparison sequence and reference sequence, so as to assist in decision-making, which has the advantages of small calculation and high applicability [3942]. The equipment consisted of a simulated cockpit, a scenario display equipment, and an operation control platform. 9, pp. While drivers consistently acknowledge that certain risky behaviors behind the wheel, such as speeding and driving impaired, are not safe, many still engage in 21, no. With the continuous innovation and development of intelligent terminals and communication technologies, the equipment of various electronic devices in the car provides convenience and simultaneously makes the potential sources of distraction for drivers continue to grow, and the demand for multitasking significantly increases [5, 6]. 7, no. The larger is, the more information the indicator contains, the greater the importance in the evaluation system, and the higher the weight assigned. The VSC calculation equation is as follows:where denotes the VSC, is the weight coefficient of the th visual characteristics indicator, and is the data of the th visual characteristics indicator of the th driver after standardized processing. Driving while under the influence of alcohol can lead to serious penalties. The correlation coefficients of the corresponding elements of each comparison sequence and the reference sequence are calculated, respectively, as follows:where is the resolution coefficient, , and according to the algorithm experience, set =0.5. Automotive, Travel, and Traffic Safety Information. Copyright Lytx, Inc, 2023. In the hands-free call state, the percentage of the fixation point offset distance decreased in the interval above 300px, especially in the free flow, and the percentage of the fixation point offset distance increased significantly in the interval of 0100px, indicating that most drivers were in a state of cognitive distraction during the hands-free call, the fixation point focused on the front area of the road, and the behavior of observing the surrounding road conditions reduced significantly. The captured clips span Lytxs entire client base, including thousands of trucking, distribution, waste, public sector, construction, transit and service fleets. 830846, 2022. The distance from the fixation point coordinates to the centroid was divided into five intervals with a step size of 100px, and the information entropy calculation equation is shown as follows:where (bits) denotes the information entropy of fixation area (IEFA), is the percentage of the distance of the fixation point offset centroid in the th distance interval when the driver is in type driving state, , when , , is the number of intervals divided by distance, here . Speeding killed 9,478 people in 2019, according to the NHTSA. Meet our team and learn how our services help ensure your success. Driving is a seemingly innocuous part of modern life and, for many, has become second nature. Normalize the information quantity. - Lytx advances fleet safety with 15 million event clips captured and processed over a three-month period, - Data reveals drivers not wearing seatbelts and following the vehicle ahead too closely together represent 54% of all coachable incidents captured this summer, SAN DIEGO Sept. 16, 2020 Lytx, a leading global provider of machine vision and artificial intelligence (MV+AI)-powered video telematics safety and productivity solutions for commercial, public sector, and service fleets, experienced a record-breaking summer in terms of the video data it captured, processed and delivered to empower drivers and clients. The Governors Highway Safety Association has a map featuring drug-impaired driving laws nationwide. Disclaimer: The advertisers appearing on this website are clients from which QuinStreet receives compensation (Sponsors).

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