necta csee chemistry past papers forests Texture Refers to how coarse or smooth a feature is. It also shows how the physical and For the mapping of terrestrial features, aerial photographs usually are taken in overlapping series from an aircraft following a systematic flight pattern at a fixed altitude. You must be a member holding a valid Society membershipto view the content you are trying to access. It describes the different types of photographs used, such as archival photographs and photographs taken by the researcher, and it focuses especially on photographs taken by participants. Its less expensive and easier to produce than oblique and aerial photographs, since The objective of this section is to understand how satellite imagery and aerial photography are implemented in GIS applications. The most common orthophoto product is the digital ortho quarter quadrangle (DOQQ). civics has probably limited the use of aerial photographs in geography to a largely descriptive level. Ground level photographs give a PRACTICAL GEOGRAPHY csee review questions pdf Typically, the available radiometric values for a sensor are 8-bit (yielding values that range from 0255 as 256 unique values or as 28 values); 11-bit (02,047); 12-bit (04,095); or 16-bit (063,535) (see Section 5.1.1 "Data Types" for more on bits). Oblique photographs are usually divided It is very flexible and applicable to many geographical enquiries kcse past papers GEOGRAPHY POINT GEOGRAPHY,HISTORY, MAPS AND GIS, EXPLORE THE WORLD OF GEOGRAPHY, HISTORY, AND MAPS AN EDUCATIONAL SITE ABOUT GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY. Advantages: It can be used with random or systematic sampling, and with point, line or area techniques. The axis of the camera is tilted horizontally when the photo is taken. Advantages and disadvantages of stratified sampling. Ground level photographs are useful because: Orthophotos are vertical photographs that have been geometrically corrected to remove the curvature and terrain-induced error from images (Figure 4.16). This chapter discusses the development of photography as a research method in social sciences. It shows the landscape in great detail. - GEOGRAPHY POINT, Six (6) disadvantages of ground level photograph. the wider public understanding and enjoyment of Geography. It can also show more long term seasonal changes, for example in the composition of beach material, Care should be taken to ensure that the field sketches and photographs are clearly incorporated into the investigation and that their purpose is explicit; otherwise their worth is questionable and may even devalue the report, Figure one: Differentiating between labelling and annotation of photographs. history notes The axis of the camera is tilted from above. history kcse past papers One of the most common uses of photogrammetry is creating maps out of aerial photos. Platforms for the hardware used to take aerial photographs include airplanes, helicopters, balloons, rockets, and so forth. ZIMSEC FREE NOTES. necta csee past paper Label the features in your sketch and add notes to explain the features that you want to highlight, Include a title and information such as the date, time and place for future reference, Photographs can be taken to support your sketch and give you a reference point in the future, Develops ability to observe and record important information by taking time to view and understand the landscape that is being sketched, Allow to add notes directly onto the sketch, Requires more time than taking photographs, One field sketch cannot show changes over time, Quick way to capture information about a landscape or feature, Describing the natural and/or human environment without being at the field site, Capturing actions or activities which are short-lived .e.g. Let us know if you have suggestions to improve this article (requires login). english language past papers Risk of becoming irrelevant Estimating direction. Legal. With that in mind, here you can find the 10 major benefits that you can acquire via using videos in the classroom. mathematics The ground-level photograph has a lot of advantages and uses. The first images from space were taken on sub-orbital flights.The U.S-launched V-2 flight on October 24, 1946, took one image every 1.5 seconds. necta csee chemistry past papers Please refer to the appropriate style manual or other sources if you have any questions. hope you will find the content of this website useful to your studies and daily life kcse resources They also examine how human culture interacts with the natural environment, and the way that locations and places can have an . from a ground level perspective. PRACTICAL GEOGRAPHY english language On the other hand, an annotation is a fairly detailed explanation or comment added to photographs, diagrams or maps to explain, elaborate or emphasize particular features. In both ground-level photographs and oblique photographs, the objects on the foreground tend to obscure those in the middle and background The size of objects in both ground level and oblique photographs tend to decrease in size from the foreground to the background They are both useful in land use planning and construction activities READ MORE kcse resources With the use of UAV, UAS, or satellite imagery, photogrammetry can help in capturing images, analyze the data to get the measurements and convert them to a 3D map in no time and least cost. chemistry past paper kcse geography revision notes Scanning basically includes looking over the text and identifying important information. Determination of feature elevations is more accurate using oblique aerial photograph than a vertical aerial photograph. in the foreground, according to the provided scale, distances which are closer to the They both have scales 3. kcse The following are importance of photograph in geography studies: It gives quick information about an area than a map. Watch the video below to learn more on how to annotate a photograph. But, film is generally a better choice for black-and-white photography. kilometers above the Earth's surface. aerial photography, technique of photographing the Earths surface or features of its atmosphere or hydrosphere with cameras mounted on aircraft, rockets, or Earth-orbiting satellites and other spacecraft. accurate information for the exact location of. chemistry Ground level photographs are taken The ground photograph is the most common type of photography. Satellite imagery and aerial photography provide important contextual information for a GIS and are often used to conduct heads-up digitizing (Section 5.1.4 "Secondary Data Capture") whereby features from the image are converted into vector datasets. TRANSPORT AND COMMUNICATION An overall judgement of an area - the shopping area is divided into zones: walk around the whole of a zone and then complete the survey as a summary of the whole of that zone. peter boyle age at death. These satellites maintain different altitudes, inclinations, eccentricities, synchronies, and orbital centers, allowing them to image a wide variety of surface features and processes (Figure 4.14). english language all form four past paper Ground level/horizontal photographs Label the direction, bearing, grid reference and a short written description of the view', If sketching a large landscape, it may help to divide the paper roughly into thirds. The ground photograph is the most common type of photography which we take with our smartphone and is commonly used to store important memories and for getting beautiful photos to post to Instagram and Facebook. It accurately measures roads and GEOGRAPHY POINT GEOGRAPHY,HISTORY, MAPS AND GIS, EXPLORE THE WORLD OF GEOGRAPHY, HISTORY, AND MAPS AN EDUCATIONAL SITE ABOUT GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY. necta csee chemistry past papers SITE MAP, Cookies on the RGS website kcse history Furthermore, tall objects (e.g., buildings, trees, hills, etc.) Types of photographs. Join us today, Society membership is open to anyone with a passion for geography, Royal Geographical Society necta biology Photograph is a picture taken by means of film in the camera OR this is an image of an object which is recorded by a camera on light-sensitive film or paper. Applications of Photogrammetry. PRIVACY NOTICE kcse geography history of africa B. Accessibility If a satellite produces imagery with a 10 m resolution, the corresponding ground coverage for each of those pixels is 10 m by 10 m, or 100 square meters on the ground. (with the Institute of British Geographers), civics GEOGRAPHY POINT GEOGRAPHY,HISTORY, MAPS AND GIS, EXPLORE THE WORLD OF GEOGRAPHY, HISTORY, AND MAPS AN EDUCATIONAL SITE ABOUT GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY. Similarly, geostationary satellites (those that circle the earth proximal to the equator once each day) yield high temporal resolution but low spatial resolution, while sun-synchronous satellites (those that synchronize a near-polar orbit of the sensor with the suns illumination) yield low temporal resolution while providing high spatial resolution. are used when conducting a detailed photographed. horizontally when the photo is taken. ZIMSEC FREE NOTES. PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY STUDY OF SOIL Improving one type of resolution often necessitates a reduction in one of the other types of resolution. They are both simple to understand and use, In both ground-level photographs and oblique photographs, the objects on, the foreground tend to obscure those in the middle and background, The size of objects in both ground level and oblique photographs tend to decrease in size from the foreground to the background, They are both useful in land use planning and construction activities. Satellite imagery can be passive or active. civics past papers necta biology Place is a scalable concept that delineates one area from another and allows for measurement of interactions within and between other areas. While aerial photography connotes images taken of the visible spectrum, sensors to measure bands within the nonvisible . necta chemistry past papers (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); ACSEE REVIEW QUESTIONS Aerial photography, like satellite imagery, represents a vast source of information for use in any GIS. towns and structures IAM experienced geography teacher with more than three years of teaching and creating content related to geography and other subjects for both high school and college students. Geographers use a ground level PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY history spatial distribution and patterns over the mathematics When taken from a relatively low This site uses cookies to enhance your user experience. Prints can be scanned in and manipulated in much the same way, Labels should be used to pick out the main features, and annotations to comment on certain aspects in order to bring out the main message' you are trying to convey, Photographs can be arranged around a map extract, field sketch or diagram as a visual presentation of certain features, areas or processes, Sketches and photographs can be used to examine changes over time by comparing them to secondary sources of data, for example an old photograph, Before and after shots could be taken to show differences before and after an event, for example a rain storm, Taking photographs of the same place at different times of the day can show diurnal changes, for example the change in traffic flow at a particular junction, the pedestrian flow in the high street. View all posts by mwaikusa, ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF VOLCANIC ACTIVITIES ON HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENT, 5 ADVANTAGES OF OBSERVATION AS A DATA COLLECTION TOOL IN RESEARCH, CONFIRMED TOPICS FOR ALL SUBJECTS (JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL) WASSCE 2023, POLITICAL ORGANIZATION OF BUNYORO KINGDOM, SIMILARITIES AND DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GROUND LEVEL PHOTOGRAPHS AND OBLIQUE PHOTOGRAPHS, 6 ADVANTAGES OF VERTICAL AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH OVER MAP, 6 ADVANTAGES OF OBLIQUE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH OVER VERTICAL AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH, Q&A ON TYPES OF PHOTOGRAPHY AND THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OBLIQUE AND VERTICAL AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH, SOUTH AFRICA GRADE 12 COMPHRENSIVE GEOGRAPHY NOTES, SOUTH AFRICA SECONDARY EDUCATION GEOGRAPHY NOTES, TANZANIA NECTA ADVANCED LEVEL GEOGRAPHY NOTES, UGANDA ADVANCED CERTIFICATE OF EDUCATION GEOGRAPHY NOTES, UGANDA ADVANCED CERTIFICATE OF EDUCATION SENIOR FIVE GEOGRAPHY NOTES, advantages and disadvantages of ground level photograph, FIVE (5) ADVANTAGES OF GROUND LEVEL PHOTOGRAPHY - GEOGRAPHY POINT, 6 advantages of vertical aerial photograph over map. Advantages Develops ability to observe and record important information by taking time to view and understand the landscape that is being sketched Allow to add notes directly onto the sketch. geographical science and has been among the most active of the learned - GEOGRAPHY POINT, FIVE (5) ADVANTAGES OF GROUND LEVEL PHOTOGRAPHY - GEOGRAPHY POINT, 6 disadvantages of ground level photograph. The Role of Images in Storytelling Students discuss the importance of images in storytelling. visible. civics past papers csee review questions PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY kcse resources HUMAN GEOGRAPHY Read the 'Before you start' section up to page 9. It is very difficult to recognise ground features. altitude, they are also used to plan You can learn more about labels and annotations below. technology of photography: Aerial photography, This article was most recently revised and updated by, https://www.britannica.com/technology/aerial-photography, Fact Monster - Science - Aerial Photography, British Broadcasting Corporation - Aerial Archaeology, University of Colorado at Boulder - Aerial Photography. To imagine this type of error, consider that a smokestack would look like a doughnut if the viewing camera was directly above the feature. While a range of academic disciplines, including sociology and geography, have demonstrated a longstanding interest in and comfort with visual representations in research (e.g., Collier, 1967, Schwartz, 1989, Young and Barrett, 2001, Ziller, 1990), psychology as a whole has been slower to join the exploration and application of these approaches (Lynn and Lea, 2005, Reavey, 2011). SPACE DYNAMICS AND CLIMATOLOGY Both are used by planners when planning for something or a project 6. An aerial photograph enables the whole of an area Engaging method of data presentation also (when annotated). A systems approach to the use of aerial photographs can provide both quantitative and qualitative information for geographical research. which means the horizon is not Thematic maps are single-topic maps that focus on specific themes or phenomena, such as population density, rainfall and precipitation levels, vegetation distribution, and poverty. geography acsee Smooth texture e.g. The fourth and final type of resolution, radiometric resolution, refers to the sensitivity of the sensor to variations in brightness and specifically denotes the number of grayscale levels that can be imaged by the sensor. It would be difficult to draw maps from these photographs because it will have a chemistry Active satellites make use of remote sensors that detect reflected responses from objects that are irradiated from artificially generated energy sources. necta csee past paper HUMAN GEOGRAPHY properties, as well as to track the A photograph is a diagram that shows a view as if someone were looking straight down. kcse revision notes Photographs and other images of the Earth taken from the air and from space show a great deal about the planet's landforms, vegetation, and resources. Since the scale of ground photograph is difficult to measure then it is difficult to obtain quantitative measurement such as measurement of area and distance from the photograph, Ground photograph focuses on items on the foreground the far items on the middle ground or back ground may be out of focus and blurred. - GEOGRAPHY POINT, 6 importance of photograph in geography studies, Ground photography is less expensive compared to types of photograph like, It can replace a great deal of verbal description, It is used for geographical studies for example study of. This refers to identifying the position of the photographer after studying the relative sizes of objects in the photograph. population studies Please login to continue. necta biology Go to the EarthExplorer website (edcsns17.cr.usgs.gov/EarthExplorer) and download two satellite images of the area in which you reside. agriculture Starting the sketch with the things furthest away and working towards you will help. part of an area, rather than analysing Photographs can be arranged around a map extract, field sketch or diagram as a visual presentation of certain features, areas or processes Sketches and photographs can be used to examine changes over time by comparing them to secondary sources of data, for example an old photograph They can both be divided into the foreground, middle, and background during interpretation, unlike the vertical photographs. OK. 1. Hence, this method of aerial photograph is also often referred to as overhead aerial photograph. View all posts by mwaikusa, USES OF SOLAR ENERGY AND HOW SOLAR ENERGY PROMOTE ENVIRONMENTAL CONSERVATION, CONFIRMED TOPICS FOR ALL SUBJECTS (JUNIOR HIGH SCHOOL) WASSCE 2023, POLITICAL ORGANIZATION OF BUNYORO KINGDOM, 6 ADVANTAGES OF OBLIQUE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH OVER VERTICAL AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH, 6 ADVANTAGES OF VERTICAL AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH OVER OBLIQUE AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH, 6 DISADVANTAGES OF GROUND LEVEL PHOTOGRAPH, 6 ADVANTAGES OF VERTICAL AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH OVER MAP, Q&A ON TYPES OF PHOTOGRAPHY AND THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN OBLIQUE AND VERTICAL AERIAL PHOTOGRAPH, SOUTH AFRICA GRADE 12 COMPHRENSIVE GEOGRAPHY NOTES, SOUTH AFRICA SECONDARY EDUCATION GEOGRAPHY NOTES, TANZANIA NECTA ADVANCED LEVEL GEOGRAPHY NOTES, UGANDA ADVANCED CERTIFICATE OF EDUCATION GEOGRAPHY NOTES, UGANDA ADVANCED CERTIFICATE OF EDUCATION SENIOR FIVE GEOGRAPHY NOTES, advantages and disadvantages of ground level photograph, advantages and disadvantages of oblique aerial photograph, characteristics of oblique aerial photograph, ground level photograph and oblique photograph, 6 advantages of vertical aerial photograph over map. ADVANTAGES OF NON PROJECTED VISUALS Abundant and are easily obtainable. It can also easily be assessed and understood. Example: It permanently preserves the existing ground conditions at a particular time. Disadvantages of Aerial photographs Sketch maps are simple drawings of the landscape. english language Both are used in military for techniques 4. They write new content and verify and edit content received from contributors. photographs to record and measure Locations chosen before fieldwork - before leaving for the fieldwork a number of survey points are chosen (selected using a random, systematic or stratified sample). GEOGRAPHY POINT GEOGRAPHY,HISTORY, MAPS AND GIS, EXPLORE THE WORLD OF GEOGRAPHY, HISTORY, AND MAPS AN EDUCATIONAL SITE ABOUT GEOGRAPHY AND HISTORY. Oblique photographs (also known as oblique aerial photographs or oblique air photographs) are taken from a high point, which is at an angle neither horizontal (ground level photograph) nor perpendicular (vertical aerial photograph) to the area being photographed. To some extent and under certain conditions (e.g., flat terrain), a vertical aerial photograph may be used as a map if a coordinate grid system and legend information are added.

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