They started the Ghostly Guild in 1851 and before that the Hermes Club in 1845. Paraphrase of the Jewish Publication Society of America Version (Old Testament), and from Greek (New Testament) text. 19: 1st, 2nd, & 3rd Letters of John & Jude, Introduction to New Testament Textual Studies, Technical Terms for New Testament Textual Criticism. A fresh translation/paraphrase into contemporary language and idiom by Eugene Peterson. Together, they produced The New Testament in the Original Greek, one of the earliest examples of modern textual criticism. Over the next four centuries or so, the Byzantine Empire and the Greek-speaking church were the dominant factors as to why this area saw their text becoming the standard. The fact is that the Westcott-Hort text represents the first widely-accepted departure from the Received Text in the post-Reformation era, and the modern English versions descend directly from the W-H text. The Response to the Appeal. Ed.) HE DETHRONED THE TEXTUS RECEPTUS. That the traditional text was intrinsically superior was more nearly a matter of subjective opinion; but extensive comparison of text-types has left most scholars convinced that the late text [Byzantine] is in general inferior, not superior.[4], The Alexandrian text, which Westcott and Hort called the Neutral text (a question-begging title), is usually considered to be the best text and the most faithful in preserving the original. I have provided a link to a website that answers some of the more preposterous allegations against WH. However we gain John 1:18. in Php 2:6. For those books, C. D. Ginsburgs Hebrew text was used. in front of those who oppose historic Christianity and know the facts. We can trust these, understand and appreciate the differences, but we would be foolish to ignore the. Some things most people do not know about the KJV. Thus, Vaticanus and Sinaiticus, leading representatives of the Alexandrian family of manuscripts, are in such great condition because they are full of errors, alterations, additions, and deletions so they would have had little chance of wear and tear, never having been used by true believers. Have you ever read Pickerings book? Murdock Translation of the Western Peshitto. . The critical text of Westcott and Hort of 1881 has been commended by leading textual scholars over the last one hundred and forty years, and still stands as the standard. SCROLL THROUGH DIFFERENT CATEGORIES BELOW. Revision of theChalloner Revisionof theDouay-Rheims Bible. What Does the Bible Really Teach About ________? Chicks claim is completely fabricated, and the quote he chopped to support his claim actually says theexact oppositewhen the context is examined. It had nothing to do with it being the better text, i.e., the text that more accurately reflected the original. Oh. he likes Ants, yes Ants! List Of Bible Trivia Questions And Answers. The two editors favoured two manuscripts: Vaticanus and Sinaiticus. To understand Westcott and Hort, you must first understand textual criticism. Generally speaking Wescott and Hort favored the Alexandrian text, which they called the "Neutral Text," namely based on the two chief 4th century witnesses Codex Vaticanus and . The two scholars identified their favorite text type as "Neutral text", exemplified by two 4th-century manuscripts, the Codex Vaticanus (known to scholars since the 15th century), and the Codex Sinaiticus (discovered in 1859), both of which they relied on heavily (albeit not exclusively) for this edition. [7] Most critical editions published after Westcott and Hort share their preference of the Alexandrian text-type and therefore are similar to The New Testament in the Original Greek. 1881 Westcott-Hort New Testament (WHNU). It wasonly in the first part of the nineteenth century (1831) that a German classical scholar, Karl Lachmann, ventured to apply to the New Testament the criteria that he had used in editing texts of the classics. . So, God allowed errors by the copyists of the Alexandrian and Western manuscripts but miraculously inspired the thousands of Byzantine copyists from 400 -1455 A.D.? I think the argument of no early byzantine readings is incorrect, using circular reasoning. (12) THE PREFACE to the 1611 KJV by the translators says the KJV was a revision of the 16th-century translations of Coverdale, Tyndale, the Great Bibles, and others. The NASB, the NIV, the Jehovah's Witness bible ("New World Translation"), and most modern translations and paraphrases use the Westcott and Hort Greek Text, which is supported by only a small portion (5% or less) of existing manuscripts, including Codex Vaticanus, Codex Sinaiticus, Alexandrian Codex, Parisian Codex, and Codex Bezae. Readers of these new Bibles are quite unaware that they are reading the translation of a corrupt text. () Of course, the manuscript discoveries of the past one hundred years have changed things, but it is remarkable how often they have affirmed the decisions of Westcott and Hort. Secondly, it was one of two reasons heceasedto interest himself in the the matters the Guild was involved in, shortly after it was formed (notice Chick and Riplinger both falsely use the word lifelong). Textual scholars use the abbreviations "WH" [1] or "WHNU". In fact, Constantine had ordered 50 copies of the whole of the Bible for the church in Constantinople. The judge then listens to the other side which holds over 5000 witnesses. The consensus however is they favored the Aleph and B text more than the others. By Ann Spangler, The Names of God Bible restores the transliterations of ancient namessuch as Yahweh, El Shadday, El Elyon, and Adonayto help the reader better understand the rich meaning of Gods names that are found in the original Hebrew and Aramaic text. However, there is a problem, there was no Byzantine text for the first four centuries, and the Byzantine text did not become the majority of the manuscripts until the 9th century. Masoretic Text, various critical editions of the Greek text (i.a. or condemn the translators as the spawn of Satan or Lucifers dupes as I have read on occasion. Revised from the public domain JPS 1917 edition, and placed together with a revised edition of the Hebrew Roots New Testament (based on Hebrew and Aramaic sources) each with useful footnotes, and an informative preface to the whole work. We can conclude that any modern translation that uses majestic, literary or grand language is not generally reflecting the text and style of the Greek manuscripts of the New Testament. It should also be noted that the writings of John W. Burgon, Edward Hills, Benjamin C. Wilkinson will be greatly edifying. He has travelled there 22 times. As we had just learned earlier under the corruption period, after Constantine legalized Christianity, giving it equal status with the pagan religions, it was much easier for those possessing manuscripts to have them copied. It is sometimes called the Textus Receptus. I would venture to say that their doctrinal positions are not perfect, especially when they were younger because no one has perfect doctrinal positions. A. Hort (1881). We should note that the above quote was made much later in the life of Wescott. It is also known as the Westcott and Hort text, after its editors Brooke Foss Westcott (18251901) and Fenton John Anthony Hort (18281892). It is in draft form, and currently being edited for accuracy and readability. Totaling to 7,320 places. What I write here is not an attack on the KJV it is an attempt to show how God continues to give us more knowledge and information which we must value and appreciate. Revision of the Revised Standard Version. This version is now in thepublic domaindue to copyright expiration. Biblia Hebraica Stuttgartensia,Novum Testamentum Graece28th Edition (NA28), United Bible Societies 5th Edition (UBS5). . Notify me of follow-up comments by email. (not fools for Christ, just fools!) This translation in many ways was the precursor to the modern Critical Text underlying most modern translations. We suspect that these two manuscripts are indebted for their preservation, solely to their ascertained evil character . The same would be true of Codex Vaticanus as well. 30:8, 59:21, I Pet 1:23. This is to say nothing of the hundreds of church fathers who quoted their Scriptures in sermons, writings, etc., which also testify to the standard of the Majority text. To prefer the KJV because the Trinity (or any other doctrine) can be proved more easily from it. This text type is called Byzantine and most of its copies can be sourced to Constantinople. . (Riplinger, New Age Bible Versions, p.407). A. Hort (1828-1892), the towering pioneers of the textual criticism of the Greek New Testament. Archaeologists Discover 2,000-year-old Gemstone With balm Of Gilead Engraved On It, Masoretic Text, Westcott and Hort 1881 and Tregelles 1857. We have nothing to fear from new manuscript discoveries and the advancement of linguistic knowledge. My fatherceasedto interest himself in these matters, not altogether, I believe, fromwant offaith in what, for lack of a better name, one must call Spiritualism, but becausehe was seriously convinced that such investigations led to no good. (Life and Letters of Brooke Foss Westcott, Vol. References in parentheses are to sections of HortsIntroduction, from which the principles have been extracted. Brooke Foss Westcott (1825-1901) was born at Birmingham and Fenton John Anthony Hort (1828-1892) at Dublin. The Occult Connections of Westcott and Hort. If we were to hand-copy the same manuscript a thousand times, obvious errors probably would be corrected in many copies, but new errors would be introduced, many of them probably the result of a well-intended correction. A textual criticism principle that has been derived from this observation is that manuscripts should be weighed (i.e. [4] (Greenlee, Introduction to New Testament Textual Criticism 1995, 76-7). For these, we're using KJV and NKJV as examples of Textus Receptus, and as a representative of Westcott-Hort, the NIV (and also the NASB or the New American Standard Bible). In fact they had no Greek at all for part of the book of Revelation so they had to conjecturally amend (make a best guess) what the section actually said. He clearly infers that he had occasion to investigate spiritualistic phenomena with some care, which would indicate that much earlier in his life he had some fascination with spiritualism and the occult. For information see: www.wayoflife.org/about/makeanoffering.html. Reproduced by permission. The Old Testament translation is based on the Hebrew Masoretic text. A.V. There have been thousands of manuscripts discovered since 1611, and we now have 5,898 Greek NT manuscripts and numerous ones dating within decades of the originals. You are welcome to make copies of these at your own expense and share them with friends and family, but they cannot be posted to web sites. Comparable to theEnglish Standard Versionand theNew American Standard Bible. Since WH, further discoveries and knowledge have meant the eclectic text we have now is even more accurate than back then. Riplinger links the spiritualist teachings of Westcott and Hort to the occult teachings of Madame Helena P. Blavatsky who wrote the Lucifer magazine. We do not have space nor the time to offer a full-scale argument against the King James Version Only and the Textus Receptus Only groups. If they had been good manuscripts, they would have been read to pieces long ago. They are based on the Greek New Testament compiled by a couple of heretic infidel blasphemers named Westcott and Hort (you will see this when you read their own words below). It is inaccurate in many ways now due to greater understanding and the number of manuscripts that make better translations possible. Sixth, the Bible was locked up in Latin. 118:8 Putting our confidence in God and not man, it seems apparent our Lord has kept His promise and that His Word is faithfully preserved in over 5000 witnesses! We know the verdict and outcome before the trial is over. Shows (by hyphenated groups) the English meaning applying to each Greek word. So, why reject efforts to do so with the 1881 English Revised Version (ERV), the 1901 American Standard Version (ASV), the 1952 Revised Standard Version (RSV), the 1995 New American Standard Bible (NASB), the 2001 English Standard Version (ESV), and the forthcoming Updated American Standard Version (UASV)? This criticism aside, the Westcott and Hort text is extremely reliable. Readings are to be preferred that are found in a manuscript that habitually contains superior readings as determined by intrinsic and transcriptional probability. Translations are not based on the previous translation and revised, which is the claim of Mormons for instance, they are based on the manuscripts available, this is an important point to understand. The baseline is the original Greek and Hebrew, so what we compare all versions to is the best text we can produce, notour favourite translation. Instead they used the corrupted manuscripts of the Gnosticism-Origen-Eusebius- Jerome-Augustine lineage. (Joseph Van Beeks tract: KJV vs NIV, pgs 5 & 6), As to the personal beliefs of Westcot and Hort: 1) They never claimed or testified that the Bible was verbally inspired or inerrant. Westcott, Hort, and Blavatsky are all forerunners of the modern day New Age movement which aims at one world religion. They have dedicated themselves to learn Hebrew, Greek and Aramaic, they have studied for decades the available manuscripts and have produced these translations as the fruit of their learning, humbly submitting themselves to Christ as they do it.

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